Microbiology : 23 basics You Must know | With Video

23 Basics of Microbiology

Microbiology : 23 basics You Must know (Youtube Video URL is given below) 

1. Methods of Sequencing - Sanger Sequencing and Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

2. Requirements of Sanger Sequencing:

Single stranded template, primer, ddNT(Di-deoxynucleotide), DNA polymerase.

3. Next Generation Methods of Sequencing - Illumina, Pyrosequencing, Polony Sequencing, SoLid Sequencing.

4. Biopesticides: Living organisms used to control pests.

Examples of Biopesticides: Bacteria,  Phanaerocheate chrysosporium - contains laccase and prroxidase enzymes,  degrades DDT, TNT, benzopyrene.

5. Superbug created by Anand Mohan Chakrabarty - degrades 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, xylene, octane.

6. Extracellular enzymes are more stable than intracellular enzymes.

7. Biosensors are living organisms used as an analytical device to detect the presence of any chemical substance.

Example of Biosensors: BOD Biosensors using Trichosporon cutaneum.

8. Fermented milk products: Yogurt by Lb. bulgaricus, Strep. thermophilus; Cheese by Lc. lactis, Lc. cremoris.

9. DNA probe: a fragment of DNA containing the sequence specific for a chromosomal region of interest.

10. Southern blotting for the detection of DNA.

11. Western blotting for the detection of protein.

12. Northern blotting for the detection of RNA.

13. Housekeeping genes are turned on in all cells at all times.

14. Inducible genes are expressed when induced by any stimulant.

15. Disinfectants are used to kill any microbial cells on inanimate surface. Examples are phenol, lysol, formaldehyde.

16. Heat labile serum and antibiotic  solutions are sterilized by filtration.

17. Air is sterilized by High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters.

18. There are three  types of proteins - fibrous, globular, membrane.

19. Simple staining : only one stain is used. Example : dilute carbol fuchsin.

20. Differential staining: Bacteria are stained according to physiological properties. example : Gram's staining and acid fast staining.

21. Special staining: bacterial structures are stained such as capsule, flagella, spores. Example : Ryu's stain for the demonstration of flagella.

22. Negative staining: background is stained with an acidic dye such as india ink or nigrosin.

23. Positive controls for Gram's staining are staphylococci.

Negative controls for Gram's staining are positive E. coli cells.

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" Microbiology : 23 basics You Must know"

Written By

Sadia Akhtar

Student of Department of Microbiology

Jagannath University.

Email- sadiabd810@yahoo.com