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Interleukin-2: Features, Production, Biological functions, Medical uses, side effects |
Interleukin-2:
Features, Production, Biological functions, Medical uses, side effects
Interleukin-2: Features,
Production, Biological functions, Medical uses, side effects
Features:
It is a single chain polypeptide containing
133 amino acids. It is a T cell growth factor playing role in immune response
and produced by T lymphocytes.
Central molecular switch - The IL-2 receptor
is associated with a number of cell types.
Binding of IL-2 to its receptor induces
growth and differentiation of these cells.
IL-2 behaves as a central molecular switch
activating most aspects of immune response.
IL-2
production:
It is done by rDNA technologies.
The IL-2 gene or cDNA has been expressed in a
wide variety of host systems, it was initially expressed in E. coli.
Now
IL-2 is produced in engineered E. coli
and differs from native human IL-2 and
it is non-glycosylated lacking N-terminal alanine residue and cysteine 125 is
replaced by a serine residue.
After extraction and chromatographic
purification, the product is formulated in a phosphate buffer containing
mannitol and low levels of the detergent SDS.
Biological
functions of IL-2:
1. Growth
factor for T cells and also for B cells.
2. Enhances
antibody production and secretion and potentiates humoral immune response.
3. Promotes
the differentiation and growth of natural killer cells.
4. Enhances
the immune response to a number of clinical conditions.
For examples,
a. Cancers
- T cells
play role in inducing direct destruction of cancer cells those are transformed by viral infections.
Natural killer cells are capable of lysing
cancer cells and activated macrophages destroy tumor cells.
b. T cell and
other forms of immunodeficiency.
c.
Infectious diseases are caused by the pathogens surviving inside host cells for
example Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae.
5. Induction of interferon gamma production.
Medical
uses:
1. Cancer
treatment
2.
Metastatic melanoma
3. Acute
myelogenous leukemia
4.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Side
effects:
Cardiovascular, hepatic or pulmonary
complications, Flu-like symptoms,
weakness.
"Interleukin-2:
Features, Production, Biological functions, Medical uses, side effects"
Written By
Sadia
Akhtar
Student of
Department of Microbiology
Jagannath
University.
Email-
sadiabd810@yahoo.com
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