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Amino Acids: Glutamic Acid Production from Microorganisms and Their Uses |
Amino Acids: Glutamic
Acid Production from Microorganisms and Their Uses
Glutamic
acid is being produced by metabolic activity of various bacteria and fungi.
Many microbes are capable of producing large amount of glutamic acid.
Microorganisms
Used for Glutamic Acid
Production:
Micrococcus
sp
Arthrobacter
sp
Brevibacterium
flavum
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Corynebacterium
herculis
Corynebacterium
allunae
Microbacterium
ammoniaphilum
Culture
Medium Consists of following Ingredients:
Carbohydrate,
peptone, inorganic salt, biotin (vitamin).
The
concentration of biotin has a significant influence of Glutamic Acid production.
If
the biotin supplied at lower level rhan optimal levels for growth, the
synthesis of cell membrane structure is impaired causing the cells to become
leaky and enhancing the extraction of Glutamic Acid.
Production
Process of Glutamic Acid:
Microorganisms
uses different kinds of carbohydrates as carbon source. They hydrolyze starch
solution of molasses and beet molasses. They utilize ammonia, ammonia gas and urea as nitrogen source.
Biotin
is added in the fermenting media below 5 micro gram per litre. The pH value of
the medium is adjusted between 7-8 and the optimal temperature range should be
30-35℃.
During
fermention, glucose is oxidized to form citrate that is further oxidized to
alpha-ketoglutaric acid by TCA cycle, that is the precursors of glutamic acid.
The
conversion of alpha-ketoglutaric acid to glutamic acid is accomplished by
glutamic acid dehydrogenase.
The
procedure normally uses a mutant strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum
that contains a high levels of enzyme glutamic acid dehydrogenase. This ensures
the large yield of glutamic acid.
Extraction
and purification from concentrated broth is through crystallization of glutamic
acid. Ion exchange resin is used for extraction and purification.
Uses
of Glutamic Acid:
a)
use as condiments.
b)
flavour enhancing agent in the form of monosodium glutamate.
c)
in food as a food supplement or food deodorant.
d)
in pharmaceuticals
e)
in manufacturing of various organic chemicals.
f)
in personal care/ agriculture.
The Daily Youth- tdy24.com Present
"Amino Acids: Glutamic Acid
Production from Microorganisms and Their Uses"
Written By
Sadia Akhtar
Student of Department of Microbiology
Jagannath University.
Email- sadiabd810@yahoo.com
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