Amino Acids: Glutamic Acid Production from Microorganisms and Their Uses

Amino Acids: Glutamic Acid Production from Microorganisms and Their Uses

Amino Acids: Glutamic Acid Production from Microorganisms and Their Uses

Glutamic acid is being produced by metabolic activity of various bacteria and fungi. Many microbes are capable of producing large amount of glutamic acid.

Microorganisms Used for Glutamic Acid

Production:

Micrococcus sp

Arthrobacter sp

Brevibacterium flavum

Corynebacterium glutamicum

Corynebacterium  herculis

Corynebacterium allunae

Microbacterium ammoniaphilum

Culture Medium Consists of following Ingredients:

Carbohydrate, peptone, inorganic salt, biotin (vitamin).

The concentration of biotin has a significant influence of Glutamic Acid  production.

If the biotin supplied at lower level rhan optimal levels for growth, the synthesis of cell membrane structure is impaired causing the cells to become leaky and enhancing the extraction of Glutamic Acid.

Production Process of Glutamic Acid:

Microorganisms uses different kinds of carbohydrates as carbon source. They hydrolyze starch solution of molasses and beet molasses. They utilize ammonia,  ammonia gas and urea as nitrogen source.

Biotin is added in the fermenting media below 5 micro gram per litre. The pH value of the medium is adjusted between 7-8 and the optimal temperature range should be 30-35℃.

During fermention, glucose is oxidized to form citrate that is further oxidized to alpha-ketoglutaric acid by TCA cycle, that is the precursors of glutamic acid.

The conversion of alpha-ketoglutaric acid to glutamic acid is accomplished by glutamic acid dehydrogenase.

The procedure normally uses a mutant strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum that contains a high levels of enzyme glutamic acid dehydrogenase. This ensures the large yield of glutamic acid.

Extraction and purification from concentrated broth is through crystallization of glutamic acid. Ion exchange resin is used for extraction and purification.

Uses of Glutamic Acid:

a) use as condiments.

b) flavour enhancing agent in the form of monosodium glutamate.

c) in food as a food supplement or food deodorant.

d) in pharmaceuticals

e) in manufacturing of various organic chemicals.

f) in personal care/ agriculture.

The Daily Youth- tdy24.com Present

"Amino Acids: Glutamic Acid Production from Microorganisms and Their Uses"

Written By

Sadia Akhtar

Student of Department of Microbiology

Jagannath University.

Email- sadiabd810@yahoo.com