Microorganisms in Soil | Bacterial Genera | Fungi | Algae


Microorganisms in Soil | Bacterial Genera | Fungi | Algae | tdy24.com


Microorganisms in Soil
 

Soil is a favourable habitat for microbial proliferation. Number of microbes in soil is much higher than those found in freshwater and marine water habitats. 106 – 109 bacteria are found in per gram of soil habitats. Microorganisms include virus, bacteria, algae, protozoa are found in soil. The concentration of soil organic matter is relatively high which favors growth of heterotrophic microbes.
Autochthonus microorganisms in soils are capable of utilizing refractory humic substances. Soils have many microhabitats and a location of several micro environmental situations.

Bacterial Genera

Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium.
Individual soils may favor bacterial populations with a particular type  of metabolism.
Agrobacterium is 1 – 20 % , Bacillus is 7-67% , Pseudomonas is 3-15%.
Photoautotophic bacterial populations, Cyanobacteria are Anabaena, Calothrix, Scytonema, Nostoc. Nostoc provides both fixed forms of nitrogen and organic carbon in soil.

Fungi

Fungi constitute a high proportion of microbial biomass in soil. Soil fungi occur in a mycorrhizal association with pant rots. Fungi Imperfecti species are – Aspergillus, Trichoderma and ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.

Indigenous soil yeasts are fungi Imperfecti (Deuteromycota) spcies of the genera including  Candida, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus.

Algae

Algae living in both soil surface and within the soil are Chlorophycophyta, Rhodophycophyta, Euglenophycophyta. The majority of soil algae are small and unicellular. 

The Daily Youth- tdy24.com Present " Microorganisms in Soil
" Written By
Sadia Akhtar
Student of Department of Microbiology
Jagannath University.
Email- sadiabd810@yahoo.com


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